The islands were part of the UK's Jamaican colony until 1962, when they assumed the status of a separate crown colony upon Jamaica's independence. The governor of The Bahamas oversaw affairs from 1965 to 1973. With Bahamian independence, the islands received a separate governor in 1973. Although independence was agreed upon for 1982, the policy was reversed and the islands remain a British overseas territory.
Geography
Turks and Caicos Islands
Location:
Caribbean, two island groups in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of The Bahamas, north of Haiti
total: 27.8 years male: 28.5 years female: 27 years (2008 est.)
Population growth rate:
2.644% (2008 est.)
Birth rate:
21.12 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate:
4.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Net migration rate:
9.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 14.35 deaths/1,000 live births male: 16.56 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 75.19 years male: 72.91 years female: 77.59 years (2008 est.)
Total fertility rate:
2.98 children born/woman (2008 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
NA
Nationality:
noun: none adjective: none
Ethnic groups:
black 90%, mixed, European, or North American 10%
Religions:
Baptist 40%, Anglican 18%, Methodist 16%, Church of God 12%, other 14% (1990)
Languages:
English (official)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 98% male: 99% female: 98% (1970 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 11 years male: 11 years female: 12 years (2005)
Education expenditures:
NA
People - note:
destination and transit point for illegal Haitian immigrants bound for the Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, and the US
Government
Turks and Caicos Islands
Country name:
conventional long form: none conventional short form: Turks and Caicos Islands abbreviation: TCI
Dependency status:
overseas territory of the UK
Government type:
NA
Capital:
name: Grand Turk (Cockburn Town) geographic coordinates: 21 28 N, 71 08 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in April; ends last Sunday in October
Administrative divisions:
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Independence:
none (overseas territory of the UK)
National holiday:
Constitution Day, 30 August (1976)
Constitution:
Turks and Caicos Islands Constitution Order 2006 (effective 9 August 2006)
Legal system:
based on laws of England and Wales, with a few adopted from Jamaica and The Bahamas
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Gordon WETHERELL (since 5 August 2008) head of government: Premier Michael Eugene MISICK (chief minister since 15 August 2003, sworn in as premier on 9 August 2006); note - the office of premier was created in the 2006 constitution cabinet: Cabinet consists of the governor, the premier, six ministers appointed by the governor from among the members of the House of Assembly, and the attorney general elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is appointed premier by the governor
Legislative branch:
unicameral House of Assembly (21 seats of which 15 are popularly elected; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 9 February 2007 (next to be held in 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - PNP 60%, PDM 40%; seats by party - PNP 13, PDM 2
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Political parties and leaders:
People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Floyd SEYMOUR]; Progressive National Party or PNP [Michael Eugene MISICK]
blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the colonial shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield is yellow and contains a conch shell, lobster, and cactus
Economy
Turks and Caicos Islands
Economy - overview:
The Turks and Caicos economy is based on tourism, offshore financial services, and fishing. Most capital goods and food for domestic consumption are imported. The US is the leading source of tourists, accounting for more than three-quarters of the 175,000 visitors that arrived in 2004. Major sources of government revenue also include fees from offshore financial activities and customs receipts.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$216 million (2002 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate):
$NA
GDP - real growth rate:
4.9% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$11,500 (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
Labor force:
4,848 (1990 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
note: about 33% in government and 20% in agriculture and fishing; significant numbers in tourism, financial, and other services
Unemployment rate:
10% (1997 est.)
Population below poverty line:
NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
4% (1995)
Budget:
revenues: $47 million expenditures: $33.6 million (1997-98 est.)
Agriculture - products:
corn, beans, cassava (tapioca), citrus fruits; fish
food and beverages, tobacco, clothing, manufactures, construction materials
Imports - partners:
US, UK (2006)
Economic aid - recipient:
$4.1 million (1997)
Debt - external:
$NA
Currency (code):
US dollar (USD)
Currency code:
USD
Exchange rates:
the US dollar is used
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Communications
Turks and Caicos Islands
Telephones - main lines in use:
5,700 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
1,700 (1999)
Telephone system:
general assessment: fully digital system with international direct dialing domestic: full range of services available; GSM wireless service available international: country code - 1-649; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber optic telecommunications submarine cable provides connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 2, FM 7, shortwave 0 (2003)
Radios:
8,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations:
0 (broadcasts received from The Bahamas; 2 cable television networks) (2003)
Televisions:
NA
Internet country code:
.tc
Internet hosts:
2,310 (2007)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
14 (2000)
Internet users:
NA
Transportation
Turks and Caicos Islands
Airports:
8 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2007)
Roadways:
total: 121 km paved: 24 km unpaved: 97 km (2003)
Merchant marine:
registered in other countries: 1 (Panama 1) (2008)
Ports and terminals:
Grand Turk, Providenciales
Military
Turks and Caicos Islands
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 222 female: 214 (2008 est.)
Military - note:
defense is the responsibility of the UK
Transnational Issues
Turks and Caicos Islands
Disputes - international:
have received Haitians fleeing economic and civil disorder
Illicit drugs:
transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe